Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr
-
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study[Dynamics of cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy during the treatment with levetiracetam].
We examined 76 children and adolescents (45 boys (59.2%), 31 girls (40.8%), aged from 6 to 17 years (mean age 14.31 ± 0.3), with the diagnosis of refractory epilepsy using a clinical/psychopathological method and psychometric scales. Marked non-psychotic mental disorders of varying severity were observed in all patients. ⋯ The significant (p<0.01) improvement in cognitive functions and speech were found in 81.6% cases. The treatment reduced stress and improved mood in 63.1% of patients.
-
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Review[Alemtuzumab is a new drug based on monoclonal antibodies for treatment multiple sclerosis: treatment possibilities and risks(review)].
Recently published results of II and II phase clinical trials of alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. This drug has an immunosuppressive mechanism of action with an anti-inflammatory effect higher than that of high-dose beta-interferon. Its neuroprotective activity and possible side-effects are discussed.
-
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Review[Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis: clinical-pathophysiological correlation, diagnostics and treatment].
Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis are severe unfavorable forms of alcoholic brain damage with poor prognosis. Thiamine deficiency represents a common cause of both diseases. In many cases, Korsakoff's psychosis develops in the outcome of Wernicke's encephalopathy, which, along with the general etiology, lets talk about a single disease - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, acute (usually reversible) stage of which is Wernicke's encephalopathy and a chronic one (often irreversible) is Korsakoff psychosis. ⋯ Unrecognized and therefore go untreated Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious threat to the health and lives of patients, worsens the processes of brain aging and increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in later life. The basic approach to the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is long-term parenteral administration of thiamine, often in high doses. As an adjuvant means of therapy memantine is considered.
-
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2013
Comparative Study[Delirium in the acute phase of stroke: frequency and predisposing factors].
Delirium is a common complication of stroke worsening its prognosis. In this work we have analyzed the frequency of delirium and factors, predisposing to its development in the population of Russian patients in hyperacute phase of stroke. ⋯ Patients of older age, those with severe stroke, with prominent chronic cerebral changes on brain CAT scan, with fever, those with urine catheter and with positive snout reflex were more likely to develop delirium. Severity of posterior leucoareosis was the only independent predictor of delirium according to multivariate analysis.
-
To study pathogenetic features of chronic joint pain, we examined 183 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 80 patients with osteoarthrosis (OA). The presence of mixed pain syndrome was found. A neuropathic component of pain (NCP) was observed in some patients with nociceptive pain (43 and 30% with RA and OA, respectively). ⋯ No signs of the damage of the somatosensory nervous system were found in patients with OA. Neuropathic pain was concomitant to secondary hyperalgesia which covered the zones localized far from the affected joint that allowed to suggest the involvement of dysfunctional mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic pain in OA. The study opens new possibilities for pharmacotherapy.