Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2014
[Mild cognitive impairment in patients with coronary artery disease: clinical-demographyc and EEG-correlates].
The clinical and demographic factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the topographical features of electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the presence or absence of MCI were studied. ⋯ Education is an important factor to preserve cognitive abilities in patients with CAD. In addition, the severity of coronary artery lesions and low cardiac contractility affect the degree of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction detected by spectral EEG power. The efficacy of quantitative EEG analysis methods for early detection and prevention of cognitive disorders in CAD patients was confirmed.
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Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr · Jan 2014
[Transcranial dopplerography in the combination with echopulsography in the assessment of intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with intracranial hemorrhages].
To study the possibilities of common ultrasound diagnostic methods in the evaluation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and central perfusion pressure (CPP) and to search for the ways of increasing the accuracy of these methods. ⋯ The complex use of noninvasive ultrasound methods allow in most cases to measure with acceptable accuracy and assess the degree of intensity of ICP and CPP changes at the acute stage of intracranial hemorrhages.
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The literature on methods of invasive local treatment of chronic pain was analyzed. We reviewed 14 publications including meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The use of regional anesthesia conducted by anesthesiologists in pain clinics demonstrated the evidence based efficacy of different types of peridural injections of local anesthetics with steroids in patients with root pain syndromes at cervical and lumbar levels. ⋯ There are clear indications of the efficacy of local injections in primary chronic cephalgia (migraine and headache of tension). The possibility of the abortion of the pain information flow in peripheral nociceptive pathways and, as a consequence, breaking the vicious circle is emphasized. Issues on the efficacy of local injections at trigger points in the treatment of chronic pain are highlighted.
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Treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) is a serious medical problem. Antiepileptic drugs and antidepressants, used to relief pain, act on the central pain mechanisms and cause several side-effects, thus substantially restricting possibilities of their clinical application. At the same time, NP often has a peripheral component. ⋯ Recently it has been shown that the local use of single high doses of capsaicin during 30-60 min causes a marked stable(> 12 weeks) effect. The decrease in NP (>50%) is seen in about half of patients. Current studies will allow to single out groups of patients with the maximal treatment effect of capsaicin.
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The article reviews the process of migration of nociogenic zones and principles of their integrative switching - off from the point of systematic approach and the informational-structural theory of pain. The phenomenon of migration of nociogenic zones underlies the development of clinical manifestations of pain.