Journal of pediatric surgery
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Despite the proven effectiveness of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) in the treatment of neonates with severe respiratory failure, this technique is not widely used. The purpose of this study was to assess the authors' policy of preferred use of VV ECMO with a cephalad catheter and to compare the results with those of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry. ⋯ This study showed that the authors' preferred policy of VV ECMO did not result in an increase in mortality rate based on a comparison with ELSO data. VV ECMO with a cephalad catheter provides adequate support for unstable neonates with respiratory failure.
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Case Reports
Lung abscess: an unusual presentation of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia.
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without atresia is rare and usually presents with symptoms from birth. In this report, a 9-year-old boy presented with productive cough of 4 month's duration and was shown to have a right lung abscess seen on chest radiograph. His parents denied earlier respiratory symptoms or illnesses. ⋯ The tracheoesophageal fistula was 1 cm long and was divided through a right supraclavicular incision. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day. This case demonstrated that TEF should be considered in any patient presenting with chronic respiratory problems even after a prolonged symptom-free period.
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Case Reports
Cardiac tamponade: a rare but life-threatening complication of central venous catheters in children.
The widespread use of central venous catheters in the treatment of pediatric patients has caused an increased incidence of complications. A rare, but potentially fatal complication occurs when the heart is perforated by the catheter tip causing a cardiac tamponade. ⋯ Proper positioning of the catheter tip in the superior vena cava and a high index of suspicion are essential in preventing this serious complication. Contrast-enhanced chest x-ray after insertion of the catheter must be performed to ascertain a correct position of the tip.
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A new noninvasive therapeutic strategy, which consisted of prenatal intraamniotic administration of porcine surfactant or dexamethasone, was previously used to prevent the functional and structural immaturity of lungs associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and its effects on lung development were comparable with the changes induced by tracheal ligation (TL). The purpose of this study is to verify if this novel therapeutic modality has any effect in the elevated concentration of lung glycogen and altered contents of lung elastic fiber and collagen promoted by CDH. ⋯ The positive effects of intraamniotic surfactant or dexamethasone administration on lung maturity of fetuses with CDH were observed. This therapy may be a substitute for TL.