The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Aug 2010
Involvement of kappa opioid receptors in the formalin-induced inhibition of analgesic tolerance to morphine via suppression of conventional protein kinase C activation.
Repeated morphine treatment results in a decreased analgesic effect or the development of analgesic tolerance. However, we reported that some inflammatory chronic pain may inhibit morphine tolerance via kappa opioid receptor (KOR) activation. In this study, we further investigated the role of KOR in the inhibition of morphine tolerance in a chronic pain condition with a focus on the regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. ⋯ These results indicate that KOR plays an important role in the inhibition of repeated morphine-induced cPKC up-regulation under chronic pain condition. Furthermore, this may result in the increase of MOR activity and in the inhibition of morphine tolerance under chronic pain condition.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Jul 2010
Comparative StudyPhytantriol and glyceryl monooleate cubic liquid crystalline phases as sustained-release oral drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs II. In-vivo evaluation.
Lipid-based liquid crystals formed from phytantriol (PHY) and glyceryl monooleate (GMO) retain their cubic-phase structure on dilution in physiologically relevant simulated gastrointestinal media, suggesting their potential application as sustained-release drug-delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. In this study the potential of PHY and GMO to serve as sustained-release lipid vehicles for a model poorly-water-soluble drug, cinnarizine, was assessed and compared to that of an aqueous suspension formulation. ⋯ PHY provides a dramatic sustained-release effect for cinnarizine on oral administration, which is linked to gastric retention of the formulation and its ability to resist digestive processing. Poorly digested liquid crystal lipid formulations therefore offer a novel class of sustained-release matrices for oral administration.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · May 2010
Evaluation of quality of Radix Puerariae herbal medicine by isoflavonoids.
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to examine five isoflavonoids present in Chinese herbal medicinal products containing Radix Puerariae. ⋯ Separation and quantification of the five isoflavonoids by this HPLC method was suitable to assess the quality of Radix Puerariae herbal medicine products.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Jul 2009
The role of polar phytocomplexes on anticonvulsant effects of leaf extracts of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown chemotypes.
The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of different L. alba chemotypes and to correlate the obtained data to the presence of chemical constituents detected by phytochemical analysis. ⋯ Our results suggest that the anticonvulsant properties shown by L. alba might be correlated to the presence of a complex of non-volatile substances (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and/or inositols), and also to the volatile terpenoids (beta-myrcene, citral, limonene and carvone), which have been previously validated as anticonvulsants.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Jun 2009
Evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models for amikacin dosage individualization in critically ill patients.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability for dosage individualization and Bayesian adaptive control of several literature-retrieved amikacin population pharmacokinetic models in patients who were critically ill. ⋯ Only a single amikacin serum level seemed necessary to diminish the influence of population model on dosage individualization.