The Journal of urology
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Survival of patients undergoing cystectomy for invasive carcinoma of the bladder has improved significantly in recent decades. Although this improved survival is accredited widely to the use of preoperative radiation therapy review of the available data raises questions regarding the validity of such conclusions. Important disadvantages, including increased morbidity, are associated with long course (4,000 to 5,000 rad) preoperative radiation. Although these disadvantages are minimized with a short course regimen (1,600 to 2,000 rad) the case for its efficacy remains unconvincing.
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Among 30 male children seen for the Praer-Willi syndrome 21 had at least 1 undescended testis (70 per cent). In 14 of the 30 patients both testes were undescended (45 per cent). ⋯ Testicular biopsy showed a Sertoli-cell-only appearance in 4 patients. The usual indications for orchiopexy of undescended testes may need to be modified in patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome.