The Journal of urology
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The Journal of urology · Apr 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMaintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy has been widely accepted as the optimal treatment for carcinoma in situ and high grade superficial transitional cell carcinoma. However, controversy remains regarding the role of maintenance therapy, and its long-term effect on recurrence and progression. ⋯ Compared to standard induction therapy maintenance BCG immunotherapy was beneficial in patients with carcinoma in situ and select patients with Ta, T1 bladder cancer. Median recurrence-free survival time was twice as long in the 3-week maintenance arm compared to the no maintenance arm, and patients had significantly longer worsening-free survival.
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The Journal of urology · Apr 2000
Comparative Study Clinical TrialOptimal predictors of prostate cancer on repeat prostate biopsy: a prospective study of 1,051 men.
We compare the ability of total prostate specific antigen (PSA), percent free PSA, PSA density and transition zone PSA density to predict the outcome of repeat prostatic biopsy in men with serum total PSA 4 to 10 ng./ml. who were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia after initial biopsy. ⋯ At least 10% of patients with negative initial prostatic biopsy results will be diagnosed with prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. Percent free PSA and transition zone PSA density enhance the specificity of PSA testing compared to total PSA or PSA density when determining which patients should undergo repeat biopsy. Repeat biopsy should be performed in patients with percent free PSA less than 30% or transition zone PSA density 0.26 ng./ml./cc or greater. In our study percent free PSA was the most accurate predictor of prostate cancer in repeat biopsy specimens.
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The Journal of urology · Apr 2000
Analysis of bladder related nerve cuff electrode recordings from preganglionic pelvic nerve and sacral roots in pigs.
Electrical stimulation of appropriate lower urinary tract (LUT) nerves may be used in bladder dysfunction to achieve continence and abolish hyper-reflexic detrusor contractions. It can also be used for consequent emptying of the bladder. To control the time course of the described functional phases, knowledge of bladder sensory information is needed. We investigated if the latter could be extracted from the LUT nerve activity. ⋯ Cuff electrodes can be used to record bladder afferent information from the pelvic nerve and the sacral root S3 in pig. Pelvic nerve recordings were more selective than the sacral root recordings. Nerve activity increases were more distinct and repeatable during rapid bladder pressure changes and small spontaneous bladder contractions than during slow bladder fillings.
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The Journal of urology · Apr 2000
Clinical TrialSacral nerve neuromodulation in the treatment of patients with refractory motor urge incontinence: long-term results of a prospective longitudinal study.
Conservative treatment rarely results in a durable cure of patients with urge incontinence and bladder overactivity. Instrumental and surgical procedures often have significant side effects and less than optimal results. We developed a technique of sacral nerve neuromodulation using chronic unilateral electrical stimulation of the S3 sacral nerve to inhibit the micturition reflex to provide effective nondestructive alternative therapy for patients whose condition is refractory to conservative treatment. ⋯ Sacral nerve neuromodulation is safe, effective and durable in patients with urge incontinence refractory to conservative treatment.
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The Journal of urology · Apr 2000
Comparative StudyBladder neck incompetence in patients with spinal cord injury: significance of sympathetic skin response.
We investigated whether recording the perineal sympathetic skin response, which reflects the sympathetic function of the thoracolumbar spinal cord, represents a reliable and accurate diagnostic tool for assessing bladder neck competence and incompetence. ⋯ Recording the perineal sympathetic skin response in addition to that of the hand and foot represents a sensitive diagnostic tool for assessing sympathetic nerve function within the thoracolumbar spinal cord. It is of diagnostic value for evaluating neurogenic bladder neck incompetence in spinal cord injured patients.