Nursing research
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Symptom clusters reflect the person's experience of multiple cooccurring symptoms. Although a variety of statistical methods are available to address the clustering of symptoms, latent transition analysis (LTA) characterizes patient membership in classes defined by the symptom experience and captures changes in class membership over time. ⋯ These results demonstrate that symptom class membership characterizes differences in the patient symptom experience, function, and quality of life. Changes in class membership represent longitudinal changes in the course of symptom management. Latent class analysis overcomes the problem of multiple statistical testing that separately addresses each symptom.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a Breastfeeding Pain Self-Management Intervention: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Over 90% of women experience pain during breastfeeding initiation and lack strategies to self-manage breast and nipple pain. Guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, a breastfeeding self-management (BSM) intervention targeted women's knowledge, beliefs, and social facilitation to manage their breast and nipple pain and achieve their breastfeeding goals. ⋯ The BSM intervention pilot demonstrates a positive effect on breastfeeding specific and overall generalized pain. Future investigation is needed to identify at-risk women of ongoing breastfeeding pain and develop precision interventions to sustain this beneficial health behavior for mothers and infants.