Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A controlled trial of nurse practitioners in neonatal intensive care.
To compare a clinical nurse specialist/neonatal practitioner (CNS/NP) team with a pediatric resident team in the delivery of neonatal intensive care. ⋯ CNS/NP and resident teams are similar with respect to all tested measures of performance. These results support the use of CNS/NPs as an alternative to pediatric residents in delivering care to critically ill neonates.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure in neonatal respiratory failure.
In uncontrolled clinical trials, negative extrathoracic pressure has been shown to be an effective respiratory support. We aimed to assess its role in the context of current neonatal intensive care. ⋯ The use of continuous negative pressure improves the respiratory outcome for neonates with respiratory failure.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
High-frequency jet ventilation in the early management of respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a greater risk for adverse outcomes.
The objective of this investigation was to determine if high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) used early in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome was effective in reducing pulmonary morbidity without increasing the occurrence of adverse neurologic outcomes. ⋯ With the HFJV treatment strategy that we used, use of the high-frequency jet ventilator in the early management of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome resulted in significantly more adverse outcomes than in those treated with conventional mechanical ventilation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
The Provo multicenter early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation trial: improved pulmonary and clinical outcome in respiratory distress syndrome.
To compare the hospital course and clinical outcome of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant and managed with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) as their primary mode of ventilator support. ⋯ When used early with a lung recruitment strategy, HFOV after surfactant replacement resulted in clinical outcomes consistent with a reduction in both acute and chronic lung injury. Benefit was evident for preterm infants both less than or equal to 1 kg and more than 1 kg. In addition, early HFOV treatment may have had a more global effect on patient health throughout the hospitalization, resulting in reduced morbidity and decreased health care cost.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A randomized controlled trial of prenatal pediatric visits for urban, low-income families.
Prenatal pediatric visits have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to allow the pediatrician to counsel parents on infant care issues, establish a supportive relationship, and provide pediatric practice information to parents. We hypothesized that prenatal pediatric visits would have an impact on breastfeeding decisions, health care behaviors, health care utilization, and the doctor-patient relationship. ⋯ Prenatal pediatric visits have potential impact on a variety of health care outcomes. Among urban, low-income mothers, we found beneficial effects on breastfeeding decisions, a decrease in emergency department visits, and an initial impact on the doctor-patient relationship. We suggest urban practices actively promote prenatal pediatric visits.