Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Long-term appearance of lacerations repaired using a tissue adhesive.
Histoacryl Blue (HAB), a tissue adhesive, has been shown to decrease laceration repair time, cause less pain to the child, eliminate the need for suture removal, and result in a similar short-term cosmetic outcome compared with conventional suturing. Reports suggest that poor correlation can exist between the short-term and long-term cosmetic outcomes for lacerations repaired by conventional suturing. Therefore, this study compares the long-term cosmetic outcome of HAB to conventional suturing for laceration repair in children. ⋯ The use of HAB is an ideal alternative to conventional suturing for the cutaneous closure of low tension lacerations in children with a long-term cosmetic outcome comparable to conventional suturing.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
C-reactive protein is a useful marker for guiding duration of antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal bacterial infection.
To determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used as a parameter to identify the time point when antibiotic treatment can safely be discontinued in a defined major subgroup of neonates treated for suspected bacterial infection. ⋯ We conclude that CRP could be a key parameter for individually guiding the duration of antibiotic treatment in a major subgroup of newborns with suspected bacterial infection. This approach would allow considerably shorter courses of antibiotic therapy.
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Meta Analysis
Meta-analyses of the effectiveness of intravenous immune globulin for prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis.
To determine the effectiveness of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. ⋯ Using conservative and objective outcome rating criteria, the addition of IVIG to standard therapies is of minimal but demonstrable benefit in preventing sepsis when administered prophylactically to premature low birth weight newborns, and of unequivocal benefit in preventing death when administered therapeutically for early-onset neonatal sepsis. The likelihood of newborns with sepsis living past the neonatal period was improved nearly sixfold when IVIG was administered in addition to standard therapies.
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To determine the relative impact of parental characteristics, provider behavior, and the provision of free vaccines through state-sponsored vaccine volume programs (VVPs) on the immunization status of children followed by private pediatricians. ⋯ Individual provider behavior may be the most important determinant of the immunization status of children followed by private pediatricians. In our samples, the effect of parental characteristics was limited. State-sponsored VVPs were not associated with higher immunization rates, perhaps because cost of vaccines did not seem to be a significant barrier to immunization in this population.
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To examine the current delivery of inpatient hospital services to a statewide population of rural children, define the types of pediatric conditions currently treated in rural hospitals or transferred to urban centers, and explore the role of rural pediatricians and family practitioners in the care of children in rural hospitals. ⋯ Most rural children in Washington who require hospitalization for common problems receive their care in local rural hospitals staffed with pediatricians and family practitioners, although those with illnesses requiring a high level of specialty care are predominantly cared for in urban centers. Rural pediatricians make a substantial contribution to the care of rural children, especially in the area of neonatal care, although their presence in rural hospitals does not in itself create local referral centers. Inpatient volumes are higher for pediatricians, but their case mix is similar to that of rural family practitioners, except in the area of neonatology. These data support the recommendations that family practitioners contemplating rural practice receive training in general inpatient pediatrics (regardless of whether they are going to a site with pediatricians) and that pediatricians in rural practice be trained for a high volume of inpatient cases, including problems of low birth weight infants. Because systems of hospital care for rural children depend on regionalized programs, clinical and educational linkages between urban centers and rural providers should be developed and supported.