Pediatrics
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To characterize neuroimaging, physical, neurobehavioral, and developmental findings in children with inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify characteristic features of inflicted TBI. ⋯ Characteristic features of inflicted TBI included acute computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings of preexisting brain injury, extraaxial hemorrhages, seizures, retinal hemorrhages, and significantly impaired cognitive function without prolonged impairment of consciousness.
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Establish prevalence rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants and young girls in an emergency department (ED) by demographics and clinical parameters. ⋯ UTI is prevalent in young children, particularly white girls, without a definite source of fever. Specific clinical signs and symptoms of UTI are uncommon, and the presence of another potential source of fever such as upper respiratory infection or otitis media is not reliable in excluding UTI.
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Comparative Study
Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission and intrauterine growth: a cohort study in Butare, Rwanda.
To study the association of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission with birth outcomes, including birth weight, gestational age, ponderal index, head circumference, and weight/head ratio. ⋯ After adjustment for potential confounding variables, this study showed statistically significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, ponderal index, and weight/head ratio when HIV-infected infants were compared with noninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers. HIV-1, mother-to-child transmission, Africa, intrauterine growth, birth weight, gestational age, ponderal index.
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To determine the frequencies of human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus (HCV) infection in children with acute otitis media (AOM). ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of common respiratory viruses, particularly HRV and RSV, in predisposing to and causing AOM in young children.
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This statement reviews current physician workforce projections, and identifies the factors that will have the most impact on future pediatric workforce projections. It discusses the key issues relating to the pediatric workforce: utilization of services, provision of care by both pediatricians and nonpediatricians, pediatric subspecialization, ethnic composition of the population and of the pediatric workforce, indebtedness, and geographic distribution. In a concluding series of recommendations, the statement addresses the steps that must be taken to ensure that all of America's infants, children, adolescents, and young adults have access to appropriate pediatric health care.