Pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Implementation of and barriers to routine HIV screening for adolescents.
We developed and implemented a process for routine HIV screening, and we report screening practices and acceptance among adolescents at a large, urban, pediatric emergency department (ED). ⋯ Adolescents and their guardians accept routine, optout, HIV screening, regardless of gender or race, and a computerized reminder enhances screening.
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Comparative Study
Relationship of serum S100B levels and intracranial injury in children with closed head trauma.
To determine if serum levels of S100B are higher in children with CHT and ICI as detected by cranial CT and if long bone fractures affect the level of S100B in children with CHT and skeletal injury. ⋯ After controlling for time of venipuncture, long-bone fractures, and race, S100B levels were still higher in children with ICI than in those without ICI. However, the ability of serum S100B measurements to detect ICI was poor.
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Comparative Study
Ethics and professionalism in the pediatric curriculum: a survey of pediatric program directors.
Since 1982, pediatric residency programs have been asked to evaluate trainees for ethical behavior. In 2007, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education required documenting teaching and evaluation of professionalism. Pediatric residency program directors were surveyed to ascertain what they know about the content and process of their ethics and professionalism curricula. ⋯ Despite requirements to train and evaluate residents in ethics and professionalism, there is a lack of structured curriculum, faculty expertise, and evaluation methodology. Effectiveness of training curricula and evaluation tools need to be assessed if the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements for competencies in these areas are to be meaningfully realized.
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Comparative Study
Increased prevalence of renal and urinary tract anomalies in children with Down syndrome.
The goal was to investigate the prevalence of renal and urinary tract anomalies (RUTAs) in a Down syndrome (DS) population. ⋯ Children with DS have significantly increased risks of RUTAs.
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Comparative Study
Risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection death among infants in the United States, 1999-2004.
To describe maternal and birth-related risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) deaths among infants. ⋯ Low birth weight was associated with markedly increased risk for LRTI-associated death among all of the racial groups. Among infants with a birth weight of > or =2500 g, AI/AN and black infants were at higher risk of LRTI-associated death, even after controlling for maternal and birth-related factors. Additional studies and strategies should focus on the prevention of maternal and birth-related risk factors for postneonatal LRTI and on identifying additional risk factors that contribute to elevated mortality among AI/AN and black infants.