Pediatrics
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Multicenter Study
Multicenter crossover study of automated control of inspired oxygen in ventilated preterm infants.
To determine the efficacy and safety of automated adjustment of the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) adjustment in maintaining arterial oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) within an intended range for mechanically ventilated preterm infants with frequent episodes of decreased Spo(2). ⋯ In infants with fluctuations in Spo(2), automated Fio(2) adjustment improved maintenance of the intended Spo(2) range led to reduced time with high Spo(2) and more-frequent episodes with Spo(2) between 80% and 86%.
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Multicenter Study
Early-childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes are not improving for infants born at <25 weeks' gestational age.
We compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age of infants born with extremely low birth weight at an estimated gestational age of <25 weeks during 2 periods: 1999-2001 (epoch 1) and 2002-2004 (epoch 2). ⋯ Early-childhood outcomes for infants born at <25 weeks' estimated gestational age were unchanged between the 2 periods.
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Higher maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of wheezing in offspring. The relationship between cord-blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and childhood wheezing is unknown. We hypothesized that cord-blood levels would be inversely associated with risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma. ⋯ Cord-blood levels of 25(OH)D had inverse associations with risk of respiratory infection and childhood wheezing but no association with incident asthma.
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After implementation of rotavirus vaccination in 2006, large decreases in rates of severe diarrhea among US children occurred in 2007-2008. We ascertained whether these decreases were sustained in 2008-2009. ⋯ Compared with prevaccine seasons, decreases in diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations seen in 2007-2008 were sustained in 2008-2009 but were somewhat smaller. Given the variability in diarrhea-related hospitalization trends over the 2 postvaccine seasons according to age group and region, continued surveillance is required for full assessment of the impact of rotavirus vaccination.