Pediatrics
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Delay in seeking medical care is one criterion used to identify victims of abuse. However, typical symptoms of accidental fractures in young children and the time between injury and the seeking of medical care have not been reported. We describe patient and injury characteristics that influence the time from injury to medical care. ⋯ Although some children did not manifest all expected responses, no child with an accidental fracture was asymptomatic. Delay in seeking medical care was associated with more subtle signs of injury; however, delays identified in minority patients are unexplained.
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The pathophysiology of sports-related concussion (SRC) is incompletely understood. Human adult and experimental animal investigations have revealed structural axonal injuries, decreases in the neuronal metabolite N-acetyl aspartate, and reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) after SRC and minor traumatic brain injury. The authors of this investigation explore these possibilities after pediatric SRC. ⋯ Pediatric SRC is primarily a physiologic injury, affecting CBF significantly without evidence of measurable structural, metabolic neuronal or axonal injury. Further study of CBF mechanisms is needed to explain patterns of recovery.
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The goal of this study was to compare aerobic capacity and exercise performance of children and adolescents born extremely preterm and at term, and to relate findings to medical history and lifestyle factors. Potential cohort effects were assessed by studying subjects born in different decades. ⋯ Despite their high-risk start to life and a series of potential shortcomings, subjects born preterm may achieve normal exercise capacity, and their response to physical training seems comparable to peers born at term.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Peer-led education for adolescents with asthma in Jordan: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
To determine the impact of a peer-led education program, developed in Australia, on health-related outcomes in high school students with asthma in Jordan. ⋯ This trial demonstrated that the Adolescent Asthma Action program can be readily adapted to suit different cultures and contexts. Adolescents in Jordan were successful in teaching their peers about asthma self-management and motivating them to avoid smoking. The findings revealed that peer education can be a useful strategy for health promotion programs in Jordanian schools when students are given the opportunity and training.
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To estimate sample sizes available for clinical trials of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children, we described the patient demographics and hospital characteristics associated with children hospitalized with severe TBI in the United States. ⋯ Children with severe TBI are infrequent at any one hospital in the United States, and few hospitals treat large numbers of children with severe TBI. To effectively plan trials of therapies for severe TBI, much attention has to be paid to selecting the right types of centers to maximize enrollment efficiency.