Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Effective analgesia using physical interventions for infant immunizations.
To measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) alone and combined with sucrose, during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 months. ⋯ Physical intervention of the 5 S's (swaddling, side/stomach position, shushing, swinging, and sucking) provided decreased pain scores on a validated pain scale and decreased crying time among 2- and 4-month-old infants during routine vaccinations. The use of 5S's did not differ from 5S's and sucrose.
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Comparative Study
Level of NICU quality of developmental care and neurobehavioral performance in very preterm infants.
To examine the relation between the neurobehavior of very preterm infants and the level of NICU quality of developmental care. ⋯ Very preterm infant neurobehavior was associated with higher levels of developmental care both in ICC and in IPM, suggesting that these practices support better neurobehavioral stability.
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Effective health care for children must be based on thorough analyses of the best research evidence. The objective of this study was to examine registration, completeness, and publication of studies involving children. ⋯ Results are unavailable for more than half of the studies involving children, revealing a substantial publication bias. Registration and posting of results on ClinicalTrials.gov should be mandatory for all studies involving children.
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Comparative Study
Race and unequal burden of perioperative pain and opioid related adverse effects in children.
Interindividual variability in pain perception and analgesic response is a major problem in perioperative practice. Adult studies suggest pain management is influenced by patient's race. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of race on perioperative pain treatment in children. ⋯ After similar uses of intraoperative morphine for tonsillectomy, there was an unequal burden of increased pain in African American children and increased opioid adverse effects in Caucasian children in the recovery room. Though Caucasian children received relatively less opioids perioperatively, they had higher incidences of opioid related adverse effects than African American children.
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Comparative Study
Health risks of Oregon eighth-grade participants in the "choking game": results from a population-based survey.
To examine the risk behaviors associated with participation in the "choking game" by eighth-graders in Oregon. ⋯ At >6%, the prevalence of choking game participation among Oregon youth is consistent with previous findings. However, we found that most of those who participate will put themselves at risk more than once. Participants also have other associated health risk behaviors. The comprehensive adolescent well visit, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, is a good opportunity for providers to conduct a health behavior risk assessment and, if appropriate, discuss the dangers of engaging in this activity.