Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Low-dose, high-frequency CPR training improves skill retention of in-hospital pediatric providers.
To investigate the effectiveness of brief bedside cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to improve the skill retention of hospital-based pediatric providers. We hypothesized that a low-dose, high-frequency training program (booster training) would improve CPR skill retention. ⋯ Brief bedside booster CPR training improves CPR skill retention. Our data reveal that instructor-led training improves retention compared with automated feedback training alone. Future studies should investigate whether bedside training improves CPR quality during actual pediatric arrests.
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Recently, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was implicated as a potential risk factor for atopic diseases in childhood. ⋯ Our results do not confirm any meaningful association between folic acid supplement use during pregnancy and atopic diseases in the offspring. Higher ICF levels in pregnancy tended, at most, toward a small decreased risk for developing asthma.
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Case Reports
Percutaneous thoracic duct embolization as a treatment for intrathoracic chyle leaks in infants.
Chylothorax is an uncommon complication of cardiothoracic surgery in children that is traditionally treated with either conservative (diet modification, octreotide administration, and percutaneous drainage) or surgical (thoracic duct ligation, pleurodesis, and pleuroperitoneal shunt) approaches. We report here the cases of 2 children (a 6-month-old and a 1-month-old) with postoperative chylous leaks who were treated successfully by percutaneous thoracic duct embolization.
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Multicenter Study
Implementation of a multicenter rapid response system in pediatric academic hospitals is effective.
This is the first large multicenter study to examine the effectiveness of a pediatric rapid response system (PRRS). The primary objective was to determine the effect of a PRRS using a physician-led team on the rate of actual cardiopulmonary arrests, defined as an event requiring chest compressions, epinephrine, or positive pressure ventilation. The secondary objectives were to determine the effect of PRRSs on the rate of PICU readmission within 48 hours of discharge and PICU mortality after readmission and urgent PICU admission. ⋯ The standardized implementation of a multicenter PRRS was associated with a decrease in the rate of PICU mortality after readmission but not actual cardiopulmonary arrests.
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The American public holds mixed views about the desirability of government action to combat childhood obesity. The framing of coverage by news media may affect citizens' views about the causes of childhood obesity and the most appropriate strategies for addressing the problem. We analyzed the content of a 20% random sample of news stories on childhood obesity published in 18 national and regional news sources in the United States over a 10-year period (2000-2009). ⋯ Similarly, mention of solutions to the problem of childhood obesity that involved restrictions on the food and beverage industry followed a reverse U-shaped pattern over the 10-year study period. News stories consistently mentioned individual behavioral changes most often as a solution to the problem of childhood obesity. Television news was more likely than other news sources to focus on behavior change as a solution, whereas newspapers were more likely to identify system-level solutions such as changes that would affect neighborhoods, schools, and the food and beverage industry.