Health services research
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To examine the influence of place of graduate medical education (GME), state licensure requirements, presence of established international medical graduates (IMGs), and ethnic communities on the initial practice location choices of new IMGs. ⋯ Policymakers may influence the flow of new IMGs into states by changing the availability of GME positions. IMGs tend to favor the same markets over time, suggesting that networks among established IMGs play a role in attracting new IMGs. Further, IMGs choose their practice locations based on ethnic matching.
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Health services research · Jun 2002
Agreement between self-reported and routinely collected health-care utilization data among seniors.
To examine the agreement between self-reported and routinely collected administrative health-care utilization data, and the factors associated with agreement between these two data sources. ⋯ The findings of this study indicate that there are substantial discrepancies between self-reported and administrative data among older adults. Researchers seeking to examine health-care use among older adults need to consider these discrepancies in the interpretation of their results. Failure to recognize these discrepancies between survey and administrative data among older adults may lead to the establishment of inappropriate health-care policies.
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Health services research · Jun 2002
Can high quality overcome consumer resistance to restricted provider access? Evidence from a health plan choice experiment.
To investigate the impact of quality information on the willingness of consumers to enroll in health plans that restrict provider access. ⋯ Overall the results provide empirical evidence that consumers are willing to trade high quality for restrictions on provider access. This willingness to trade implies that relatively small plans that place restrictions on provider access can successfully compete against less restrictive plans when they can demonstrate high quality. However, the results of this study suggest that in many cases, the level of quality required for consumers to accept access restrictions may be so high as to be unattainable. The results provide empirical support for the current focus of decision support efforts on consumer assessed quality measures. At the same time, however, the results suggest that consumers would also value quality measures based on expert assessments. This finding is relevant given the lack of comparative quality information based on expert judgment and research suggesting that consumers have apprehensions about their ability to meaningfully interpret performance-based quality measures.
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Health services research · Jun 2002
Concurrent prediction of hospital mortality and length of stay from risk factors on admission.
To develop a method for predicting concurrently both hospital survival and length of stay (LOS) for seriously ill or injured patients, with particular attention to the competing risks of death or discharge alive as determinants of LOS. ⋯ Piecewise exponential models may be useful in predicting LOS, especially if determinants of mortality are separated from determinants of discharge alive.
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Health services research · Apr 2002
Estimating paid and unpaid hours of personal assistance services in activities of daily living provided to adults living at home.
To estimate the total hours of paid and unpaid personal assistance of daily living provided to adults living at home in the United States using nationally representative household survey data. ⋯ Personal assistance provided to adults with disabilities amounts to 21.5 billion hours of help per year, with an economic value in 1996 approaching $200 billion. Only 16 percent of this total is paid, representing $32 billion in home health services spent annually. This study, the first to estimate hours of assistance for both working-age and older adults, documents that older persons are more likely to receive paid personal assistance, while working-age people rely to a greater extent on unpaid help. This study begins to articulate the division of labor in the provision of personal assistance. Estimates of paid and unpaid hours of help by number of ADLs should inform policy concerning eligibility boundaries in long term care.