Jpen Parenter Enter
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2003
Effect of neuromuscular blockade on energy expenditure in patients with severe head injury.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of neuromuscular blockade on energy expenditure in severely head-injured patients; to determine the effects of body temperature, nutrition support, and morphine use on metabolic rate; and to compare measured energy expenditure with values from predictive equations. ⋯ Neuromuscular blockade in severely head-injured patients decreases energy expenditure to basal levels, independent of morphine use, body temperature, and feeding. Levels of hypermetabolism in both the head-injured and trauma groups were relatively low, at 19% and 5% above predicted values, respectively. This study provides useful information for the management of nutrition support in severely traumatized patients.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2003
Effects of particle size on blood clearance and tissue uptake of lipid emulsions with different triglyceride compositions.
Particle size of IV lipid emulsions affects the catabolism of long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsions, but little is known about its effect on the catabolism of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)- and fish oil (FO)-containing emulsions. ⋯ In a mouse model, FO addition to large emulsions increased blood clearance and changed organ delivery. In contrast, there was no or little effect when particle size became smaller. We hypothesize that in humans, FO addition to lipid emulsions can help target emulsion delivery to certain extrahepatic tissues, a factor that may be of use for delivering specific fatty acids, or even drugs, to specific organs.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2003
Effect of an 8-month treatment with omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic) in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Supplementation of the diet with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the main long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in cell membranes, may have beneficial effects in patients with cystic fibrosis. ⋯ Long-term eicosapentaenoic plus docosahexanoic acid supplementation (8 months) has positive effects, such as decreasing inflammation, in cystic fibrosis.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2003
Comparative StudyResting energy expenditure in children with cyanotic and noncyanotic congenital heart disease before and after open heart surgery.
Failure to thrive is a common problem in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Resting energy expenditure (REE) in cyanotic and noncyanotic children with CHD before and after open heart surgery has hardly been investigated. ⋯ Significant changes in REE, VCO2, and VO2 were not observed before and 5 days after open heart surgery in children with CHD. These parameters (REE, VCO2, and VO2) were also similar in children with cyanotic versus noncyanotic CHD. The Schofield equation is more accurate than the WHO equation in predicting energy needs of children with CHD, but measurement of REE is preferred over calculation of REE.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2003
Procalcitonin and enteral nutrition tolerance in critically ill patients.
Serum procalcitonin concentrations have been reported to be elevated in patients with bacterial infection. Early enteral nutrition (EN) has been shown to decrease infections in trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize procalcitonin and other serum proteins during EN of trauma patients based on EN tolerance and presence of infection. ⋯ Procalcitonin serum concentrations decrease significantly during EN in enteral-tolerant, critically ill patients with infection.