Monatsschr Kinderh
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In December 2019 a new human coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, which is known as SARS-CoV‑2. The clinical course of the disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from mild respiratory symptoms to severe lung failure. The virus is currently rapidly spreading around the world and pushing health systems to the limits of their capacity due to the exponential increase in the number of cases. ⋯ Considering the high number of cases and mortality rates of up to 9% there is an urgent need for action. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on human coronaviruses with a strong focus on the current data on SARS-CoV‑2. Due to the daily changing level of knowledge, the article reflects the status up to 21 March 2020.
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There might be 3 different forms of epilepsy following head injury: earliest seizures with occasional characteristics, early seizures prompting considerations of differential diagnosis, and, late seizures which might have a chronic course = posttraumatic epilepsy proper. The risks to have posttraumatic epilepsy for a child suffering from head injury are: penetrating cranial trauma, early seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, unconsciousness > 24 hours, depressed fracture with dural laceration and unconsciousness > 24 hours, fractures on the base of the skull, focal synchronous activity in the EEG which is related to the site of brain injury. If a or > or = 2 of b-g are given we recommend prophylactic antiepileptic therapy: in the younger (< 5 years) with a low dose of phenobarbital and in the elder (> 5 years) carbamazepine for at least 2 years of treatment.
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The information available in sports medicine regarding the development of performance and maximum stress is presented for children and adolsecents, and the importance of age-appropriate sports for general health is also discussed. A description of the five main forms of stress on the motor system follows, i.e., coordination, flexibility, strength, speed, and endurance, and their effectos on the performance parameters boys and girls from childhood to adolescence. Data on cardiopulmonary-metabolic performance parameters are discussed for children and adolescents. ⋯ Precocious young people are physically capable of a higher performance level and can tolerate more stress than their normal counterparts or those with delayed development. With regard to the five forms of stress mentioned above, health questions related to the ability to tolerate stress and age-related levels of training are dealt with. The negative effects on health are considered with regard to the development of amenorrhea and a decrease in the mineral content of the skeletal system as a result of extensive endurance training.