Public health
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Grounded theory analysis of secondary school staff and pupil perceptions about the barriers to preventative work for adolescent self-harm within the secondary school setting in Wales. ⋯ The findings of this study offer an explanation on the exclusion of adolescent self-harm from preventative work in secondary schools. The stigma model demonstrates that adolescent self-harm is excluded from the socio-cultural norms of the institutional setting. Applying the UK Equality Act (2010), this is discrimination. Further research on the institutional-level factors impacting adolescent self-harm in the secondary school context in England and Wales is now urgently needed.
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Influenza vaccination is the best protection against infection and severe complications of disease, such as hospitalization and death. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate vaccination coverage and to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity. This study examines racial disparities in influenza vaccination among children using a nationally representative sample. ⋯ There were differences in influenza vaccination rates among different racial groups. Hispanic children had the lowest vaccination rates. Findings from our study have significant implications for targeted interventions to increase the overall vaccination rate for children in the United States.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect costs of tuberculosis (TB) (active and latent TB [LTB]) and HIV co-infection from the patient perspective. ⋯ Public health policies may address ways to prevent high patients' costs through the introduction of more accurate algorithms for TB diagnosis to prevent delays in the diagnosis and treatment.
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The existing literature on the health trajectories of the UK immigrants has mainly focussed on the relationship between ethnicity and health. There is little information on the role of immigration status and no previous information on the role of reason for immigration to the country. This study fills this gap in the literature by analysing the heterogeneity of immigrant-native differences in health by reason for immigration. ⋯ The findings show that the prevalence of health problems differs not only between natives and immigrants but also across groups of immigrants who moved to the UK for different reasons.
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Evidence supporting the notion that clinical research activity in itself is of benefit to organisations as a whole is inconclusive. In the recent past, a positive association between research activity and reduced mortality has been shown. This study aimed to ascertain if clinical research activity is associated with established organisational outcome measures. ⋯ The mortality-related results corroborate with other published data showing a correlation between increased research and reduced deaths. Furthermore, there is also a statistically significant association between clinical trials activity and improved CQC ratings. However, these tie-ins are predominantly driven by the number of participants in interventional research rather than observational research activity.