Crit Care Resusc
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A case is described of subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by vertebral artery dissection following general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is postulated that the dissection may have been a result of neck manipulation during intubation or other movements whilst paralysed, or alternatively, due to intra-operative blood pressure changes occurring in a patient with a predisposition to arterial disruption. The case highlights the important symptom of neck pain in a patient with an intracranial catastrophe. Fortunately, despite a dramatic clinical presentation her recovery has been good.
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To review the role of drugs with potential benefit to renal function in critically ill patients. ⋯ The common factor in renal dysfunction and acute renal failure is tubular ischaemia. Prevention of this final common pathway is the chief goal of renal protection in critically ill patients. Despite the plethora of potentially beneficial drugs, volume loading and defence of renal perfusion pressure (and renal blood flow) with pressor agents appear to be the only reliable means of renal protection.
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To review the current status of echocardiography in critically ill patients with special reference to the advantages and disadvantages of the transthoracic and transoesophageal approaches. ⋯ Echocardiography is a rapidly developing technology. Cardiac structures can be imaged in 'real time'. Image quality continues to improve. The use of transoesophageal probe positioning has also widened the potential of this bedside technique in critically ill patients.
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Dissection of the internal carotid artery is often caused by trauma to the face or neck. It usually has a delayed onset neurological presentation, a partial middle cerebral artery territory syndrome, 'normal' early CT scan, MRI evidence of middle cerebral artery occlusion, progressive partial or complete neurological recovery, and duplex scan evidence of a reestablished lumen in the internal carotid artery after 10 weeks. A case is reported of a dissection of the right internal carotid artery in a patient with severe facial trauma. ⋯ The patient was anticoagulated and over the next two weeks made a slow recovery, using her left hand effectively and walking unaided. Four months after the accident a duplex scan revealed that the right carotid artery lumen was patent with normal arterial flows. Five months after the accident the patient had returned to work.
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To describe a new approach to circulating volume control in critically ill patients. ⋯ Use of a P(msa) volume signal enables prolonged stable closed loop volume servocontrol. In global heart dysfunction the dimensionless variable (P(msa )- RAP)/P(msa )may be used to guide inotropic therapy.