Crit Care Resusc
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Microwave warming of intravenous crystalloid solutions is an accepted practice in operating suites and emergency departments. These intravenous solutions are stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and are known to be acidic. Some of this acidity may be from PVC packaging. We asked if microwave heating affected the acidity of 0.9% saline solution in 1 litre and 100 mL PVC bags. ⋯ Microwave heating does not change the acidity of 0.9% saline in 1 litre or 100 mL PVC packaging.
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To review human thermoregulation and the pathophysiology and management of induced and accidental hypothermia. ⋯ Operative hypothermia reduces ischaemic injury during cardiac and neurosurgical procedures. Hypothermia induced following tissue injury has not yet been shown to be of benefit. Management of accidental hypothermia requires passive and active warming methods, the indication of each depending on the availability of the method and severity of hypothermia.
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To review pathophysiology and management of hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and septic shock in a two-part presentation. ⋯ Hypovolaemic shock requires urgent management of the underlying defect and replacement of the intravascular volume loss. Recent studies in management of cardiogenic shock using urgent revascularisation and intra-aortic Balloon counterpulsation in patients with acute myocardial infarction have shown a reduction in mortality in selected cases.