Ann Indian Acad Neur
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Ann Indian Acad Neur · Oct 2013
Correlation between serum neuron specific enolase and functional neurological outcome in patients of acute ischemic stroke.
The use of biomarkers to predict stroke prognosis is gaining particular attention nowadays. Neuron specific enolase (NSE), which is a dimeric isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase and is found mainly in the neurons is one such biomarker. ⋯ Serum levels of NSE in first few days of ischemic stroke can serve as a useful marker to predict stroke severity and early functional outcome. However, larger studies with serial estimation of NSE are needed to establish these observations more firmly.
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Ann Indian Acad Neur · Oct 2013
Case ReportsRecurrent prolonged fugue states as the sole manifestation of epileptic seizures.
A fugue state is defined as an altered state of consciousness with varying degrees of motor activity and amnesia for the event. It may last for hours to days and may be psychogenic or organic in nature. Epileptic fugue states can be encountered in patients with absence or complex partial nonconvulsive status epilepticus or may occur as a postictal phenomenon in patients with generalized seizures. "absence status epilepticus" (AS) is rare and seen in only 2.6% of the cases with "childhood absence epilepsy" (CAE). ⋯ We report a childhood onset case, with a 10 years history of recurrent episodes of prolonged fugue state lasting for up to 24 h, as the sole manifestation of epileptic seizures. The EEG features were suggestive of an AS, but there was no history of typical absences, myoclonus, or generalized tonic clonic seizures. This unusual and rare case cannot be categorized into one of the defined epilepsy syndromes like CAE but belongs to a recently identified syndrome of idiopathic generalized epilepsy known as "Absence status epilepsy" in which AS is the sole or the predominant seizure type.