Brain Stimul
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Inter-ictal assay of peripheral circulating inflammatory mediators in migraine patients under adjunctive cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS): A proof-of-concept study.
To assay peripheral inter-ictal cytokine serum levels and possible relations with non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) responsiveness in migraineurs. ⋯ 2 months of adjunctive cervical nVNS significantly declined the number of severe attacks/month. Pro-inflammatory IL-1β plasma levels [inter-ictal] were higher in sham-treated migraine patients compared to verum nVNS. However, pro- [IL-6, HMGB-1, TNF-α, leptin] and anti-inflammatory [IL-10, adiponectin, ghrelin] mediators did not differ statistically. Profiling of neuroinflammatory circuits in migraine to predict nVNS responsiveness remains an experimental approach, which may be biased by pre-analytic variables warranting large-scale biobank-based systematic investigations [omics].
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates neuronal activity and is a potential therapeutic tool for many neurological diseases. However, its beneficial effects on post cardiac arrest syndrome remains uncertain. ⋯ In this cardiac arrest rat model, repeated anodal tDCS commenced after resuscitation improves 96-h neurological outcome and survival to an extent comparable to TTM by attenuating post-resuscitation cerebral and cardiac injuries.
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To address the brain areas and circuits affected by transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), which had been used widely to treat psychiatric and neurological diseases, the stimulus-induced electric field in the cortex was calculated using a head model that reflects anatomical information. To obtain detailed information at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, multi-scale modeling was proposed that integrates the head model with multi-compartmental models of cortical neurons. ⋯ Our results indicated that cortical neurons are affected greatly by the relative direction of the stimulus-induced electric field, which may be a necessary step toward a detailed understanding of tES' potential mechanisms.
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The ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) is a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Conventional surgical planning is based on anatomical landmarks. ⋯ These findings suggest that vALIC DBS for OCD may benefit from MFB-specific implantation and highlight the importance of corticolimbic connections in OCD response to DBS. Prospective investigation is necessary to validate the clinical use of MFB targeting.
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Kilohertz frequency spinal cord stimulation (kHz-SCS) deposits significantly more power in tissue compared to SCS at conventional frequencies, reflecting increased duty cycle (pulse compression). We hypothesize kHz-SCS increases local tissue temperature by joule heat, which may influence the clinical outcomes. ⋯ Tissue heating may impact short and long-term outcomes of KHZ-SCS, and even as an adjunct mechanism, suggests distinct strategies for lead position and programming optimization.