Neurol Neurochir Pol
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The author reviews the current opinions on the treatment of spasticity with special consideration given to the new method of treatment with local injections of botulinum toxin A into the spastic muscles. Botulinum toxin is the treatment of choice in focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm. ⋯ Recent reports have confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the method in spasticity, especially when it is focal, not diffuse or severe and without concomitant severe paresis. The author describes also the basic data of the pathophysiology of spasticity and reviews other therapeutic options and practical problems concerning the injections of botulinum toxin.
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Neurol Neurochir Pol · Nov 1997
Review[Near infrared spectroscopy: a noninvasive optical method for monitoring cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics].
The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been established as a non-invasive method for monitoring the oxygenation state of human brain at the bedside. This possible by observing spectral changes in the tissue caused by presence of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin and cytochrome aa3. In this paper the technical data of the NIRS instrument and its clinical application particularly in investigation of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic has been described.
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Neurol Neurochir Pol · Sep 1997
Comparative Study[Clinical picture of medial prolapse of a lumbar intervertebral disk].
Case records of one-hundred patients operated on for centrally prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc were analyzed for establishing of typical clinical symptom complex. Despite the complexity and variety of clinical manifestations five groups of patients were isolated on the basic of their pain features and neurological deficit. Besides, for more exact diagnosis of prolapsed level, the neurological signs were analyzed in relation to these levels. This approach makes possible more precise diagnosis in practice important in view of the possible consequences of central prolapsed of intervertebral disc (PIVD).
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The authors present 3 rare cases of metastases to the spinal cord and cauda equina. In 2 cases the tumours were of epithelial, and in the third neuroepithelial origin. In one case the tumour was localized in the thoracic segment of spinal cord, and in the second case in the conus and cauda equina, whereas in the third at the cauda equina. ⋯ The most significant neurologic symptoms in the two cases were pain and paresis in one case. In our series the rate of metastases to intramedullary and cauda equina constitute 11.1% of all metastases to vertebral column and vertebral canal, and 8% of all epithelial metastases to central nervous system. Death were reported in all the patients within the 1st-5th month of diagnosis of tumour in the spinal cord.
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Neurol Neurochir Pol · May 1996
Case Reports[Neurogenic pulmonary edema: case report and analysis of pathogenesis].
We describe a young female with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who developed neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). The symptoms of NPE were associated with severe mitral regurgitation. Both NPE and mitral insufficiency were completely reversible. The pathogenesis of NPE and cardiac injury is discussed.