Rev Neurol France
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Recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome is a very rare entity. Few cases have been reported. ⋯ Occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome after surgery has mainly been reported in relation to epidural anesthesia and less frequently general anesthesia. Although underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown, a molecular mimicry phenomenon has been proposed.
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This review focuses on the so-called "periodic syndromes of childhood that are precursors to migraine", as included in the Second Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Three periodic syndromes of childhood are included in the Second Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders: abdominal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal vertigo, and a fourth, benign paroxysmal torticollis is presented in the Appendix. The key clinical features of this group of disorders are the episodic pattern and intervals of complete health. ⋯ Their diagnosis is entertained after exhaustive evaluations have proved unrevealing. The recommended diagnostic approach uses a strategy of targeted testing, which may include gastrointestinal and metabolic evaluations. Therapeutic recommendations include reassurance, both of the child and parents, lifestyle changes, prophylactic therapy (e.g., cyproheptadine in children 5 years or younger and amitriptyline for those older than 5 years), and acute therapy (e.g., triptans, as abortive therapy, and 10% glucose and ondansetron for those requiring intravenous hydration).
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The hematological manifestations of acquired copper deficiency are well known. But the neurological manifestations have only been recognised in the past few years. The most common neurological manifestation in adults is a myeloneuropathy with prominent sensory ataxia and spastic gait. Electrophysiological tests reveal an axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Spinal MRI shows an augmented T2 signal involving the dorsal column. The causes of acquired copper deficiency include gastric surgery, excessive zinc ingestion, and malabsorption but in most cases, the cause remains unclear. Early recognition and treatment may prevent neurological deterioration but improvement seems to be slight and inconstant. ⋯ Nephrotic syndrome might be another complication of acquired copper deficiency. Delayed treatment is not necessarily associated with a deleterious neurological prognosis. Significant neurological improvement under copper supplementation is possible.