Lipids Health Dis
-
The inflammatory process seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is due to excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferons (IFNs), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), HMGB1 (high mobility group B1) and possibly, a reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). These pro-inflammatory molecules lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide resulting in target tissue damage. ⋯ Hence, suggested therapeutic approach could include administration of stable synthetic analogues of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids. This implies that measuring urine, stool and plasma levels of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins and nitrolipids may be used to detect the onset, progression and response to treatment of IBD.