Biomedica
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Papular urticaria caused by the bites of fleas traditionally has been defined as a chronic allergic disease. However, currently no clear relationship has been described between this pathology and common allergic diseases. ⋯ This is the first characterization of cytokines that mediate the immune response at the site of the skin lesion in children with papular urticaria by flea bite. The data indicated that the local response was mixed and that a single phenotype is not predominant among the patients.