Biomedica
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Cold urticaria is one of the five most common causes of chronic urticaria and is grouped as a physical urticaria. It can occur after exposure to cold, either through solid objects, air or liquids. Patients may have symptoms of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory distress and even anaphylaxis when the skin is exposed to a cold environment, such as handling refrigerated objects, swimming in cold water or entering an air-conditioned room. Five cases of cold urticaria are presented, followed by a brief literature review.
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Perirectal block using four puncture places has been classically described for rectal surgery. ⋯ The new peri-rectal two-puncture block technique is easy and also provides analgesia and a high degree of satisfaction.
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Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking can be methods used for the study of congenital brain malformations associated to white matter bundle abnormalities. Their use is illustrated in a child with semilobar holoprosencephaly in whom diffusion tensor imaging and tractography showed diencephalic ventral induction failure and abnormal white matter fascicles in brain and brainstem.