The Medical journal of Australia
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There are currently insufficient data to recommend the consumption of isolated supplements for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of diverse and balanced diets, rich in foods containing many nutrients, including antioxidants and phytoestrogens, can be safely recommended.
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Many Australian women over 40 years consume insufficient zinc, calcium and fibre. Greater consumption of foods rich in vitamins A, C and E and fibre is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Concentrated supplements of A, C and E have no effect on breast cancer risk when dietary intake is adequate, but vitamin A supplementation in women whose dietary intake of vitamin A is inadequate appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Alcohol consumption by women has been associated with a linear increase in breast cancer risk.
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Emotional issues can influence the health of women aged 40 and over. Important factors are: psychological functioning; interpersonal relationships; body image; and role changes.