The Medical journal of Australia
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Multicenter Study
Peripheral intravenous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: more than 5 years of prospective data from two tertiary health services.
To determine the incidence, risk factors for and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs). ⋯ PIVC-associated SAB is an under-recognised complication. The high incidences of SAB associated with PIVCs inserted in emergency locations and with prolonged dwell times support recommendations in clinical guidelines for routine removal of PIVCs.
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To apply the most recent evidence from randomised trials of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and explore the potential value of risk assessments to guide the use of PSA screening in practice. ⋯ PSA screening was not found to be cost-effective for men at an average-to-high risk of prostate cancer, but may be cost-effective for men at very high risk. Inexpensive approaches for identifying men at very high risk are needed, as is further research on the size of clinical benefit of early detection in this population. The potential for the costs of risk assessment to be offset by reduced costs of PSA screening also warrants investigation.
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To determine background rates of potential adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) before expansion of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccination program to adolescent boys. ⋯ Routinely collected health outcome administration data can inform postlicensure safety surveillance of target conditions that might be perceived as AEFI.
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We propose an expanded approach to evidence for cancer screening policy and practice. First, we need to better understand why and how screening happens the way it does, sometimes at odds with evidence of benefits and harms. Second, we need to systematically investigate the ethics of cancer screening to illuminate moral concerns and expand the scope of screening research to address ethical dilemmas. An expanded approach will offer essential information to better support well reasoned judgements, and develop more accountable and less contested cancer screening policies.