Berl Munch Tierarztl
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Berl Munch Tierarztl · Jan 2014
[Perioperative intensive-medical investigations regarding compatibility of the ketamine-azaperone-general anesthesia in pigs].
was observed. Perioperatively oxygen saturation was persistently high and mean arterial pressure was steady, too. An additional Ketamine administration caused a short tachycardia during operation. ⋯ Cortisol increased simultaneously with Ketamine and Azaperone before operation, but it remained at this level until the end of the determinations, parallel to the course of Norketamine, close to the maximum before anesthesia. The complex intensive-medical monitoring confirms that under real surgical conditions the counter-regulatory effects of both drugs equalize the respective cardiovascular and respiratory side effects. It is concluded also that the increase of cortisol is likely to be more a side effect of Ketamine/Norketamine than the expression of distress by surgical interventions or by wake-up reactions, and that an intoxication by additional Ketamine dosage or motoric disorders (i.e., catalepsis) can be excluded as undesired side effects of both drugs.
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The outbreak of the SARS coronavirus in 2002/2003 and the recent disease cases with a new human coronavirus (originally designated EMC-CoV, recently renamed MERS-CoV) have put the focus onto the virus family Coronaviridae. Both viruses appeared to have managed to jump over the species barrier from a bat reservoir to the human population. ⋯ An important factor for crossing the species-barrier is the adaptation to a new receptor on cells of the new host species. During evolution coronaviruses have developed a large diversity of binding specificities demonstrating the high flexibility of the coronaviral spike protein, which is responsible for binding to target cells.
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Berl Munch Tierarztl · Mar 2012
[Evaluation of perioperative analgesia by nociceptive flexor reflex in pigs under ketamine-azaperone-general anaesthesia].
The objective of the investigation was to evaluate quantitatively the analgesic efficacy of the Ketamine-Azaperone-general anesthesia during surgical procedures on pigs by nociceptive flexor reflexes (NFR). The study was performed in 30 four to five month old male pigs which were castrated. The NFR was evoked every minute over the N. ulnaris by multiple electrical stimulation consisting of five single stimuli (2 Hz). ⋯ At 93% with defense reactions demonstrated reflex amplitudes above the threshold. When the interdigital reflex was suppressed, 89% of the NFR values fell below the threshold of 40 microV. These findings demonstrate a good correlation of NFR-amplitudes with reactions to traditional controls of analgesia.
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Berl Munch Tierarztl · Nov 2009
Review[Bird populations--hatching grounds of pandemic influenza viruses?].
Aquatic wild birds constitute the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. Under appropriate selection pressure these viruses display a remarkable genetic flexibility which is based on their high mutation rate. At least 16 subtypes of the viral hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) und 9 of the viral neuraminidase (NA) are distinguishable as a result of natural evolution. ⋯ Subtype H5 and H7 viruses which are maintained in the natural reservoir hosts, in contrast, are of low pathogenicity (LPAI) and harbour monobasic HA cleavage sites restricting their tissue tropism to epithelia of the respiratory and gastronintestinal tracts. This context forms the basis of all legal measures targeting the monitoring, prevention and eradication of HPAIV and LPAIV of subtypes H5 and H7 in poultry. Results of such measures in Germany in 2008 are presented and discussed.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the safety and efficacy of sevoflurane and isoflurane during low flow anaesthesia (fresh gas flow (FGF) 14 ml/kg/min) as well as to compare the consumption of both anaesthetics. Data were gathered from 60 dogs assigned for surgery under general anaesthesia with an expected duration of 75 minutes or longer. All dogs were induced with 0.6 mg/kg (maximum 25 mg) l-methadone and 1 mg/kg (maximum 25 mg) diazepam i.v.. ⋯ Recovery time was significantly shorter after sevoflurane compared to isoflurane anaesthesia, whilst the consumption of sevoflurane was higher than that of isoflurane. Sevoflurane appears to be as clinically safe as isoflurane in low flow anaesthesia. Even considering that sevoflurane is more expensive than isoflurane, the use of the low flow technique decreases the cost of anaesthesia due to the reduced volatile anaesthetic consumption.