Acta Medica Port
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ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, has been tested in several medical board examinations. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on the Portuguese National Residency Access Examination, a mandatory test for medical residency in Portugal. The study specifically compares the capabilities of ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4o across five examination editions from 2019 to 2023. ⋯ Notably, ChatGPT 4o achieved scores within the top 1% in two examination editions and exceeded the median performance of human candidates in all editions. Additionally, ChatGPT 4o's scores were high enough to qualify for any specialty. In conclusion, ChatGPT 4o can be a valuable tool for medical education and decision-making, but human oversight remains essential to ensure safe and accurate clinical practice.
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In Portugal, constitutional and legal norms stipulate that the healthcare system should be organized to ensure equity in access to healthcare. To guarantee this objective, it is usually assumed that individuals from different socio-economic groups presenting equal levels of need should have access to the same level of care. The present narrative review describes current knowledge on this topic. ⋯ In Portugal, equity in access has not been achieved for most types of health care. Particularly in the case of specialized health care, better-off groups of the population used more care for a given level of need. The situations where inequity exists should be examined and corrected; potential access barriers within the National Health Service should be considered, as the public healthcare system bears the responsibility for ensuring equity.
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Warthin's tumor is the second most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland and frequently presents with multifocal and bilateral involvement, either synchronously or metachronously, up to 20% - 30% of cases. More rarely, extraparotid locations may also occur. ⋯ This low incidence is likely underestimated and could be explained by several reasons. Increased awareness of this potentially higher incidence may aid physicians in better evaluating and treating their patients.