Arch Intern Med
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of patient position on the incidence of vasovagal response to venous cannulation.
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of patient position on the incidence of vasovagal responses to venous cannulation in ambulatory surgery patients. ⋯ The vasovagal response during venous cannulation occurs more frequently in the sitting patient who has a history of fainting and is associated with a significant decline in blood pressure and heart rate.
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Respiratory failure in the elderly. Analysis of outcome after treatment with mechanical ventilation.
Concerns about rendering futile care, the financial costs of mechanical ventilation, and aging of the population make it important to analyze the benefit of aggressive therapy for respiratory failure in the elderly. ⋯ A subgroup of patients 80 years of age or older can be identified whose chance for survival from respiratory failure is so poor that withholding or withdrawing treatment with mechanical ventilation may be appropriate. For the majority of elderly patients, short-term survival is nearly as good as in younger patients. Further studies are needed that assess long-term survival and functional recovery after treatment for respiratory failure so that elderly patients and their physicians can better decide whether or not to choose treatment with mechanical ventilation.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a potentially lifesaving procedure, is initiated on hospitalized patients who have an arrest in the absence of a written do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. New York State Law specifies that attending physicians may write a DNR order on an adult patient either with his/her consent or that of a surrogate. Under specified circumstances, concurring physician and witness signatures are also required. This study examines potential obstacles physicians may encounter when implementing a DNR order for a hospitalized patient. ⋯ This study suggests a need for improved communication among physicians, patients, and surrogates about advance directives, when feasible, either prior to hospitalization or early in its course, in an effort to comply with DNR legislation in a manner that reflects the patient's wishes and best interests.