Arch Intern Med
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Smoking cessation after surgery. A randomized trial.
Cigarette smoking is the greatest cause of preventable mortality in the United States. Because most smokers would like to quit and most hospitals are smoke free, surgical admissions represent a window of opportunity for tobacco cessation interventions. ⋯ A smoking cessation intervention targeted at smokers hospitalized for noncardiac surgery can increase long-term quit rates. Surgical hospitalizations provide an opportunity to reach smokers who want to quit smoking.
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The last 40 years was a period during which the incidence of herpes zoster appears to have increased substantially. ⋯ The apparent increase in the incidence of herpes zoster was not accompanied by a change in the risk of specific or overall complications in a population-based sample. Advanced age and other conditions associated with waning cellular immunity may confer an increased risk of experiencing a complicated course of herpes zoster.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Mealtime treatment with insulin analog improves postprandial hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Multicenter Insulin Lispro Study Group.
Insulin lispro is an insulin analog that was recently developed particularly for a mealtime therapy. It has a fast absorption rate and short duration of action. The efficacy of insulin lispro in the clinical therapy of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has not been tested. ⋯ Compared with human regular insulin therapy, mealtime therapy with insulin lispro reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and may decrease the rate of mild hypoglycemic episodes in patients with NIDDM.
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Guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, have encouraged more frequent use of inhaled steroids in asthma management. ⋯ In Philadelphia, a gap exists between optimal asthma drug prescribing and actual prescribing patterns that has widened from July 1991 to June 1993. Underuse of inhaled steroids is most closely associated with lower educational attainment, suggesting that interventions that include addressing the special asthma care needs of a low-literacy population will be required to achieve the goals of the National Asthma Education Program.