Arch Intern Med
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Patients and physicians strongly endorse the importance of preventive or periodic health examinations (PHEs). However, the extent to which PHEs contribute to the delivery of cancer screening is uncertain. ⋯ Among managed care enrollees eligible for cancer screening, PHE receipt is associated with completion of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer testing. In similar populations, the PHE may serve as a clinically important forum for the promotion of evidence-based colorectal cancer and breast cancer screening and of screening with relatively less empirical support, such as prostate cancer screening.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
An intervention to improve secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.
Translating guidelines into clinical practice has proved to be quite difficult, even when the guidelines are well accepted and noncontroversial. Both computerized reminders and academic detailing have been effective in changing physician prescribing behavior. In this study, we sought to use these methods, mediated by clinical pharmacists, to improve adherence to the secondary prevention guidelines in hospitalized patients with myocardial infarction. ⋯ A computerized alert with pharmacist-mediated academic detailing is an effective means to increase adherence to secondary prevention guidelines for coronary heart disease.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Absolute and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease incidence in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: comparison of African American with white subjects--Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Among white Americans, a large proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is explained by borderline or any elevated CVD risk factor levels. The degree to which this is true among African American subjects is unclear. ⋯ The higher CVD incidence rate in African American than in white subjects seems largely attributable to a high frequency of elevated CVD risk factors in African American subjects. Primary prevention of elevated CVD risk factors in African American subjects might greatly reduce CVD occurrence as much as it has for white subjects.
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Multicenter Study
Toward shared decision making at the end of life in intensive care units: opportunities for improvement.
In North America, families generally wish to be involved in end-of-life decisions when the patient cannot participate, yet little is known about the extent to which shared decision making occurs in intensive care units. ⋯ Shared decision making about end-of-life treatment choices was often incomplete, especially among less educated families. Higher levels of shared decision making were associated with greater family satisfaction. Shared decision making may be an important area for quality improvement in intensive care units.