Arch Iran Med
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Many genes with different inheritance modes contribute to the pathogenicity of intellectual disability (ID) making it the most known genetically heterogeneous disorder. Advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have helped researchers identify genes underlying ID at an exponential pace. As a consanguineous country, Iran is a hotspot for discovering novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) genes. ⋯ Functional studies have been performed on 29% of the genes identified in Iran. More than one affected family has been reported for many of these genes, supporting their causative role in ID pathogenesis. Despite the notable contribution of Iran in gene-discovery research, further functional studies on the identified genes are required.
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Mental disorders contribute significantly to the burden of diseases in Iran. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their associated factors among youth in Kermanshah province of Iran. ⋯ Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of mental and psychiatric disorders among the youth in Ravansar district, western Iran is relatively high and needs specific plans and interventions to control it.
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In the present study, we evaluated post-natal growth and psychomotor development status of infants at 6 months of age based on their gestational age at elective cesarean sections. ⋯ The results from this study demonstrated that postponing the time of planned elective cesareans beyond 39 weeks of gestation may improve infant's growth and psychomotor outcomes.
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Hydatidosis is an important zoonotic parasite disease in several herbivorous mammals. Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by infection with larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus has been frequently reported from different organs. Here, we report the first case of a urinary echinococcosis in Iran with a pain in the lower left abdominal quadrant and severe frequent urination (pollakiuria). ⋯ The isolated cysts from liver and urinary bladder were referred to pathology laboratory, and the tissue sections were stained with Tri-chrome and Hematoxylin/eosin staining methods. Microscopic examination of prepared tissue sections showed protoscoleces of E. granulosus with specific and thick laminated hyaline layer (non-cellular membrane), with covers the thin activate germinal epithelium, which revealed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This rare case illustrates that CE is the necessity of considering in the differential diagnosis from cysts, abscesses, malignant and benignant tumors, especially is essential in endemic areas of CE.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Designing and Evaluating an Empowering Program for Breastfeeding: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Breastfeeding empowerment is a key motivational, psychological and flexible factor influencing the continuance of breastfeeding. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to design and evaluate the empowering program for breastfeeding. ⋯ To empower women for breastfeeding, the mother, father and key family members should be educated using practical and visual teaching techniques during pregnancy and postpartum period. Moreover, since breastfeeding empowerment is established 2 weeks after childbirth, empowering programs should be implemented prior to this period.