Arch Iran Med
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Ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) is extremely rare, and its importance has not been adequately defined. The aim of our study is to present the characteristics of patients with this abnormality. ⋯ Ectopic opening of CBD is usually associated with gastroduodenal and bile ducts disease. Endoscopic treatment is unsatisfactory in most patients with this abnormality.
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Since 1990, the maternal mortality significantly decreased at global scale as well as the North Africa and Middle East. However, estimates for mortality and morbidity by cause and age at national scale in this region are not available. ⋯ MMR has significantly declined in the region since 1990 and only five countries (Afghanistan, Sudan, Yemen, Morocco, and Algeria) out of 21 nations didn't achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of 70 deaths per 100000 live births in 2019. Despite the convergence in trends, there are still disparities across countries.
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Iran was one of the first countries to become an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. However, there is a dearth of data on the outcomes of COVID-19 and predictors of death in intensive care units (ICUs) in Iran. We collected extensive data from patients admitted to the ICUs of the one of the tertiary referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran, to investigate the predictors of ICU mortality. ⋯ The findings are consistent with and add to the currently existing international literature. The findings may be used to predict risk of mortality from COVID-19 and provide some guidance on potential treatments.
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Case Reports
Unusual Left Superior Vena Cava, Connected to the Left Atrium via the Left Superior Pulmonary Vein.
Persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) that drains into the left atrium (LA) via the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) is a rare systemic venous drainage anomaly. It can cause cyanosis and unexplained recurrent strokes. Undiagnosed, it can seriously disrupt the conduct of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), causing sudden air lock and/or flooding of the operative field with venous blood. ⋯ The LSVC was temporally clamped during the remainder of the surgical procedure, then ligated at both ends. The patient underwent mitral valve repair, closure of the infundibular septal defect, aortic valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. He was discharged 10 days later.
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The Herat province of Afghanistan is located on the Asian Esophageal Cancer Belt (AECB), a wide area in Central and Eastern Asia where very high rates of esophageal cancer (EC) have been observed. Several risk factors have been reported in the AECB Region by previous studies. Considering lack of information in Afghanistan on this issue, a study was conducted to determine the major risk factors related to EC in order to guide protective measures. ⋯ Consuming very hot beverages dark tea and a local food, qulurtoroosh, were found as important risk factors for EC. Our findings warrant further studies and necessitate the implementation of protective measures for EC which is one of the leading cancers in the region.