Arch Iran Med
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The Iranian National Blood Pressure Measurement Campaign (INBPMC) was conducted all over the country to raise awareness in different groups of people regarding the importance of blood pressure and persuading them to manage their blood pressure. The present research aimed at assessing the process and output of this campaign. ⋯ The INBPMC was successful and accomplished its objectives.
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In December 2019, a cluster of viral pneumonia cases, later identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first reported in Wuhan, China, and then continued to spread to other parts of the world. COVID-19 is thought to be more prevalent in adults than children; therefore, information about COVID-19 burden and characteristics in children is lacking. ⋯ A high number of children in North Sumatera were affected by COVID-19, and mortality was found to be higher in children with underlying diseases. Major clusters were found in places with prolonged and repeated activities in close contact, such as boarding schools and a refugee shelter.
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Nipple discharge is a common finding which may be a symptom of breast cancer, but it is mostly caused by benign causes. A surgical biopsy followed by a histopathological examination is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of pathological nipple discharge. Non-surgical diagnostic methods should be considered to reduce the need for intervention. Ductal lavage cytology (DLC) is performed by washing and examining the ductal discharge. The usefulness of examining spontaneous discharge is controversial. This study's aim is to evaluate the usefulness in surgical decision-making of ultrasonography (USG), mammography (MMG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ductography, and DLC in patients with pathological nipple discharge. ⋯ Numerous studies report that cytology is not adequate for final diagnosis. Negative cytology does not exclude the possibility of malignancy, and positive results do not help in the differential diagnosis.
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Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still controversial. This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the patient and tumor characteristics affecting central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in PTC patients and to evaluate the contribution of the results to shaping the surgical treatment algorithm. ⋯ A selective prophylactic CLND strategy can be applied in cN0 patients. As the tumor diameter increases in PTC, both the risk of CLNM and the number of MLN increase. Lymphovascular and extracapsular invasion are other factors that increase the risk. The follicular variant is associated with a lower risk of CLNM. Male patients who are under the age of 45 and have a tumor diameter of 9.5 mm or more are definite candidates for prophylactic CLND.
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Review Historical Article
Typhus Disease in Iran during the Qajar Period (1725 to 1925 AD); a Brief Historical Review.
Typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by a series of bacteria called Rickettsia that is transmitted by insects such as lice, fleas, and ticks. This disease has appeared several times in Iran and caused many casualties. There were some therapeutic measures taken by European physicians in Tehran and medical graduates of the Dar al-Fonun school or expatriates who had studied medical courses in Western countries, even though the taken steps were not enough. ⋯ In this study, we first examine the prevalence of Typhus in the Qajar dynasty in Iran, and will then focus on the pathological importance of this disease history in Iran. After that, we will study the role of Typhus prevalence and World War I in the Persian famine, malnutrition, and food poverty. Moreover, we investigated the role that this great war had in strengthening the spread of this disease and its role in the death of many Iranian people.