Arch Iran Med
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Our aim was to determine the association between age at menarche (AAM) and breast cancer adjusted for recall bias (misclassification) in AAM. ⋯ After adjustment for misclassification related to recall bias, this study provides evidence that the self-reported mode of AAM has a moderate impact on calculation of the OR.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an agent which exists asymptomatically in most individuals and may cause latent life-time infection following contamination. Symptomatic CMV infection develops most commonly in organ transplant recipients and in individuals who receive immunosuppressive drugs, undergo haemodialysis or have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The link between ulcerative colitis and CMV infection and the efficacy of antiviral therapy in these individuals have been demonstrated. Due to the fact that synchronous onset of CMV and ulcerative colitis is a very rare clinical condition, we present here a synchronous-onset fulminant CMV and ulcerative colitis in a 58-year-old man without any other co-morbidities.
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We investigated the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with Framingham risk score (FRS), and actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We also assessed improvement in FRS for prediction of CVD after inclusion of eGFR and albuminuria. ⋯ Inclusion of eGFR and albuminuria in the FRS formula did not improve the predictive value of the model. We showed an inverse association between eGFR and FRS in early stages of diabetic kidney disease, which was lost in patients with CKD.
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Firearm related injuries continue to increase throughout the world and they become the first or second cause of mortality in worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the factors that affect mortality in firearm injuries. ⋯ It was determined that GCS, ISS, length of hospitalization, injuries due to suicide attempt, the department of hospitalization, injuries to head-neck regions affected mortality significantly.