Arch Med Sci
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Previous studies have reported that microRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the underlying molecular mechanisms and diagnostic significance of miR-372-3p were investigated in the process of DN. ⋯ miR-372-3p might be a valuable therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for patients with DN.
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More than 25 million DNA variations have been discovered as novel including major alleles from the Arab population. Exome studies on the Saudi genome discovered > 3000 novel nucleotide variants associated with > 1200 rare genetic disorders. Reclassification of many pathogenic variants in the Human Gene Mutation Database and ClinVar Database as benign through the Arab database facilitates building a detailed and comprehensive map of the human morbid genome. ⋯ This narrative review summarizes the advances in molecular medical genetics and recent discoveries on pathogenic variants. Despite the fact that these initiatives are targeting the genetics and genomics of disorders prevalent in Arab populations, a lack of complete cooperation across the projects needed to be revisited to uncover the Arab population's prominent disease markers. This shows that further study is needed in genomics to fully comprehend the molecular abnormalities and associated pathogenesis that cause inherited disorders in Arab ancestries.
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COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epithelial and T, NK, and other immunocytes release bioactive lipids especially arachidonic acid (AA) in response to microbial infections to inactivate them and upregulate the immune system. COVID-19 (coronavirus) and other enveloped viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 of 2002-2003) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS; 2012-ongoing) and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) can be inactivated by AA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA, dihomo-GLA (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are precursors to several eicosanoids. ⋯ Bioactive lipids modulate the generation of M1 and M2 macrophages and the activity of other immunocytes. Mesenchymal and adipose tissue-derived stem cells secrete LXA4 and other bioactive lipids to bring about their beneficial actions in COVID-19. Bioactive lipids regulate vasomotor tone, inflammation, thrombosis, immune response, inactivate enveloped viruses, regulate T cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines, stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, and leukocyte and macrophage functions, JAK kinase activity and neutrophil extracellular traps and thus, have a critical role in COVID-19.
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To discuss the auxiliary therapeutic effect of buckwheat polysaccharide (BP) on S180 sarcoma. ⋯ Buckwheat polysaccharide had no obvious effect in inhibiting the growth of tumors, but it significantly extended the lifespan, increased the survival rate and reduced the toxic effect of CTX.
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Tensins belong to the family of adhesion proteins which form focal adhesions serving as a bridge between the extracellular matrix and intracellular actin skeleton. The tensin family consists of four members (tensin-1 to -4) which are widely expressed in normal and cancerous tissues. The presence of Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding domains is a unique feature of tensins which enables them to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in PI3K/Akt and β-integrin/FAK signaling pathways. ⋯ Recent findings and further research on tensins as therapeutic targets in cancers may contribute to identifying effective anti-cancer therapy. In this review we focus on the role of tensins in normal and cancer cells. We discuss potential mechanism(s) involved in carcinogenesis.