Arch Med Sci
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This study examined the protective effects of sophoricoside on neuronal injury and cognitive dysfunction in anaesthetic-exposed neonatal rats. ⋯ Sophoricoside treatment protects against neuronal injury and reduced cognitive function in isoflurane-induced neuronal injury rats by regulating TLR-4 signalling.
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With the increasing application of rituximab (RTB) in hematological diseases and autoimmune diseases (AIDs), we have gradually increased our awareness of the adverse reaction of rituximab-associated neutropenia (RAN), but little is known about its true incidence rate, susceptibility risk factors and exact pathogenesis. At present, research groups have conducted a large number of studies on different populations. The team found that age (> 60), advanced disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and combined cyclophosphamide therapy were independent risk factors for RAN. ⋯ Several hypotheses have been put forward to solve this question, including the production of anti-neutrophil antibodies after RTB, the generation disorder and neutrophil maturation stagnation caused by abnormal B-cell reconstruction, and the amplification of T-large granular lymphocyte population that may induce neutrophil apoptosis. However, there are still many unsolved problems in all aspects of RAN. This article is an update of the incidence rate, risk factors and mechanisms of RAN.
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COVID-19 cases have rarely been reported in children. We sought to analyse the attack rate in paediatric population in Poland, focusing on local variations among the provinces, correlation with the number of tests per capita, and test positivity rate. ⋯ COVID-19 burden in children is significant. The local differences highlight various testing strategies, but the awareness of SARS-CoV-2 in children is essential. The correlation between attack rates in children and adults shows that the outbreak in children is parallel to the one observed in adults.
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of kidney failure. Lysozyme (LYZ) is an essential component of innate immunity and exhibits antibacterial properties. However, LYZ has been reported to induce nephropathy, implying a possible association between impaired renal function and lysozyme expression. ⋯ Lysozyme promotes kidney fibrosis via the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy, and glucose may promote fibroblast proliferation by promoting LYZ auto-secretion.
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Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is made up of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle and a specific apolipoprotein(a). The blood concentration of Lp(a) is approximately 90% genetically determined, and the main genetic factor determining Lp(a) levels is the size of the apo(a) isoform, which is determined by the number of KIV2 domain repeats. The size of the apo(a) isoform is inversely proportional to the blood concentration of Lp(a). ⋯ Determination of Lp(a) concentrations is not easy due to, among other things, the different sizes of the apo(a) isoforms; however, the currently available certified tests make it possible to distinguish between people with low and high cardiovascular risk with a high degree of precision. In 2022, the first guidelines for the management of patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels were published by the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and the American Heart Association (AHA). The first Polish guidelines are the result of the work of experts from the two scientific societies and their aim is to provide clear, practical recommendations for the determination and management of elevated Lp(a) levels.