Arch Med Sci
-
Overexpression of the mdr-1 gene is the earliest discovered mechanism of multidrug resistance, which is associated with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) - a cell membrane protein responsible for the efflux of drugs of various structures out of cancer cells. Although the expression of P-glycoprotein has been demonstrated in many cancer types, its relation to markers of hypoxia such as HIF-1α, EPO-R or EPO in invasive breast cancer is not well established. The aim of this research was to analyze the co-expression of P-glycoprotein and the markers of tissue hypoxia HIF-1α, EPO, and EPO-R by immunohistochemistry in invasive breast cancer classified according to the presence of steroid receptors and the HER2 receptors. ⋯ We found that HIF-1α and EPO expression is significantly associated with P-gp expression in invasive breast cancer with lymph node metastases. An important result of our study is the demonstration of a correlation between P-gp expression and patients with HER2-positive breast tumors that do not express steroid receptors.
-
The aim of this study was to determine the best site for bone mineral density (BMD) measurements based on T-scores, age, and beverage consumption. ⋯ Bone mineral density measurements at the hip and forearm correlated with caffeine consumption in elderly Taiwanese women. This is an important finding since age and caffeine consumption are known risk factors for osteoporosis.
-
Pain is the most common complaint of elderly people. In Poland, no large studies on the prevalence of chronic pain in the elderly were conducted until recently. ⋯ Polish elderly most frequently complained of low back and lower limb pain. In respondents reporting many sites of pain, an increase in the intensity of pain was observed. Elderly patients with chronic pain often use medical care.
-
Previous studies have examined the correlation between hyperandrogenemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women and showed contradictory results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between testosterone level and Fatty Liver Index (FLI), as a surrogate marker for NAFLD, in a cohort of postmenopausal women. ⋯ Bioavailable testosterone is independently associated with FLI in postmenopausal women.
-
Sense of control over life has been shown to have protective health effects in studies that have mostly enrolled White middle class individuals. It is unknown, however, whether populations differ in the protective health gain associated with sense of control over life. This study compared a nationally representative sample of Black and White older adults for protective effects of sense of control over life on short-term risk of all-cause mortality in the United States. ⋯ In the United States, Black older adults do not gain a survival benefit associated with high levels of sense of control over life, as do their White counterparts. It is not clear why sense of control over life translates into survival for Whites but not for Blacks.