Arch Med Sci
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COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epithelial and T, NK, and other immunocytes release bioactive lipids especially arachidonic acid (AA) in response to microbial infections to inactivate them and upregulate the immune system. COVID-19 (coronavirus) and other enveloped viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 of 2002-2003) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS; 2012-ongoing) and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) can be inactivated by AA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA, dihomo-GLA (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are precursors to several eicosanoids. ⋯ Bioactive lipids modulate the generation of M1 and M2 macrophages and the activity of other immunocytes. Mesenchymal and adipose tissue-derived stem cells secrete LXA4 and other bioactive lipids to bring about their beneficial actions in COVID-19. Bioactive lipids regulate vasomotor tone, inflammation, thrombosis, immune response, inactivate enveloped viruses, regulate T cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines, stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, and leukocyte and macrophage functions, JAK kinase activity and neutrophil extracellular traps and thus, have a critical role in COVID-19.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a growing class of non-coding genes with diverse cellular function. Recent studies have reported that lncRNA smooth muscle and endothelial cell-enriched (SENCR) was associated with the phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells and participated in vascular homeostasis. However, the potential role of SENCR in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. ⋯ SENCR alleviates TGF-β-induced EndMT and sponges miR-126a expression via direct inhibition of the negative regulator of TGF-β/Smad signaling SMURF2.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the initiation and progression of malignant tumor. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether LINC00336 contributes to the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer (BCa). ⋯ These findings indicated that LINC00336 might serve as an oncogene in the initiation and progression of BCa, and LINC00336 may be a valuable and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate whether physical exercise (PE) in addition to extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is more effective in improving erectile function as compared to ESWT and PE alone in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). ⋯ The combined approach of ESWT and PE provides significant advantages in erectile dysfunction improvement and durability as compared to ESWT or PE alone in diabetic patients with ED.