B Acad Nat Med Paris
-
Many data are available on the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in France (ENTRED 2007, DIABASIS 2008). It is currently estimated that 2.2 million people (3.8% of the population) have type 2 diabetes, with a higher prevalence among those with lower socioeconomic status. Ninety-five per cent of patients are over 45 years of age, 52% are male, 71% are overweight, 54% have hypertension, 18% have elevated LDL cholesterol, 19% have elevated triglyceride levels, and 13% are smokers. ⋯ In particular, plasma glucose levels must be determined regularly in all people over 45 years of age and in all subjects at risk of diabetes. Management of hyperglycemia and other risk factors must be more aggressive and adapted to disease progression. Patient follow-up must be improved, taking in account the entire healthcare infrastructure, and especially structures involved in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
-
Lung transplantation has become an established treatment for end-stage pulmonary failure refractory to medical management. However, the scarcity of lung grafts and the growing number of candidates has led to an increase in deaths among patients on waiting lists. Despite improvements in donor management, organ preservation, and the use of marginal and cardiac-death donors, only about 20% of candidate lungs are currently being transplanted. ⋯ Indeed, a significant number of rejected lungs can now be retrieved and transplanted with acceptable results. Given the longer storage times provided by this technique, transplantation can be programmed, with better surgical efficiency. In the near future, a new mobile organ-care machine should become available, along with laboratories dedicated to ex vivo reconditioning of all lung grafts before their transplantation.