Bmc Med
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The adverse effects of early-life tobacco smoke exposure on chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of early-life tobacco smoke exposure with CKD incidence in adulthood, and further explore the modification effects of physical activity (PA). ⋯ Early-life tobacco smoke exposure may contribute to CKD incidence in adulthood, and the observed associations could be modified by MVPA. These findings provide important information on CKD prevention in the participant's early life while urging a more rapid and powerful need for tobacco control among pregnant couples, children, and adolescents.
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Despite the common belief that human papillomavirus (HPV) primarily affects women, it is imperative to recognize and address the impact of HPV on boys and men. Overlooking the health implications for males is a notable gap, as efforts have predominantly focused on preventing HPV-related infections in women. ⋯ In addition, the increase in HPV-related cancers in men underscores the urgent need for increased awareness and vaccination. Although specific testing for HPV in men is not available, the inclusion of men and boys in gender-neutral vaccination programs can help reduce the harmful effects of this virus in both genders.
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The effect of milk on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between non-fermented and fermented milk consumption on these endpoints and investigate the relationship between milk intake and cardiometabolic-related proteins in plasma. ⋯ We show a positive association between high amounts of non-fermented milk intake and IHD in women but not men. We suggest metabolic pathways related to ACE2 and FGF21 potentially underlie the association.