Bmc Med
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effectiveness of reduction in alcohol consumption achieved by the provision of non-alcoholic beverages associates with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is commonly used in clinical settings to assess the severity of alcohol-related problems, with the effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions varying across this spectrum. In a recent study, we demonstrated that a 12-week intervention involving the provision of free non-alcoholic beverages reduced alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers for up to 8 weeks post-intervention. However, it remains unclear whether this effect was consistent across different AUDIT score ranges. Therefore, this secondary analysis aimed to examine whether the severity of alcohol-related problems, as indicated by AUDIT scores, influences the effectiveness of non-alcoholic beverage provision in reducing alcohol consumption. ⋯ These findings suggest that individuals with higher AUDIT scores may experience a reduced benefit from a 12-week non-alcoholic beverage intervention in terms of alcohol consumption reduction. Nevertheless, this intervention appears to be a safe and effective strategy for reducing alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers who do not have alcohol dependence.
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Accelerated biological aging has been verified to be a critical risk factor for a number of age-related diseases, but its role in dementia remained unclear. Whether it modified the effects of genetic factors was also unknown. This study evaluated the associations between accelerated biological aging and dementia and the moderating role of accelerated biological aging in the genetic susceptibility to the disease. ⋯ Accelerated biological aging could bring the extra risk of dementia but attenuate the effects of genetic risk on dementia. These findings provide insights for precise prevention and intervention of dementia.
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Evidence suggests that insulin resistance (IR) is an autonomous risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a novel indicator of IR, and incident CVD and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without diabetes remains uncertain. ⋯ In these two large cohorts of CKD patients without DM, a higher eGDR level was associated with a decreased risk of CVD and mortality.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment adapted to primary care when provided by a nurse or a general practitioner: the CEpiA cluster-randomised trial.
The benefits of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) are well established for hospital care but less so for primary care. Our primary objective was to assess the effect of two multifaceted interventions based on a CGA adapted for primary care on a composite criterion combining all-cause mortality, emergency department visits, unplanned hospital admissions, and institutionalisation. ⋯ Our study led in community-dwelling older patients with chronic conditions found no significant effect of a CGA adapted for primary care on mortality, functional independence and quality of life, but suggests that a GP-led CGA may reduce the risk of unplanned hospital admission. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating CGA into clinical practice and highlights its potential benefits when applied on a case-by-case basis, guided by the GPs who develop the resulting PCP.
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Protein biomarkers may contribute to the identification of vulnerable subgroups for premature mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma proteins with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with and without baseline type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluate their impact on the prediction of all-cause mortality in two prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies. ⋯ This study uncovered shared and unique mortality-related proteins in persons with and without T2D and emphasized the role of proteins in improving the prediction of mortality in different T2D subgroups.