Bmc Med
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Short-stay joint replacement programmes are used in many countries but there has been little scrutiny of safety outcomes in the literature. We aimed to systematically review evidence on the safety of short-stay programmes versus usual care for total hip (THR) and knee replacement (KR), and optimal patient selection. ⋯ There is low certainty evidence that short-stay programmes for THR and KR may have non-inferior 90-day safety outcomes. There is little evidence on factors informing optimal patient selection; this remains an important knowledge gap.
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Malnutrition is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients; however, the most predictive nutritional indicators for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer are not well-established. This study aimed to compare the predictive effects of common nutritional indicators on OS and to refine existing nutritional indicators, thereby identifying a more effective nutritional evaluation indicator for predicting the prognosis in breast cancer patients. ⋯ The CPNI proves to be an effective nutritional assessment tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
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The predictive relationship between mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. ⋯ Differential associations between alcohol consumption habits and incident AF across genetic predisposition to alcohol metabolism were observed; individuals with genetic predisposition to low alcohol metabolism were more susceptible to AF.
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Exposure to general anesthesia influences neuronal functions during brain development. Recently, interneurons were found to be involved in developmental neurotoxicity by anesthetic exposure. But the underlying mechanism and long-term consequences remain elusive. ⋯ Our findings demonstrate that maternal anesthesia impairs interneuron migration through the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway, and influences the interneuron properties, leading to the increased epilepsy susceptibility in adolescent offspring. Our study provides a novel perspective on the developmental neurotoxicity of the mechanistic link between maternal use of general anesthesia and increased susceptibility to epilepsy.
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Given limited data regarding the involvement of disadvantaged groups in paediatric diabetes clinical trials, this study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic representativeness of participants recruited into a multinational clinical trial in relation to regional and national type 1 diabetes reference populations. ⋯ Significant national differences in trial participation of low SES participants were observed, highlighting limitations in access to clinical research and the importance of reporting sociodemographic representation in diabetes clinical trials.