Bmc Med
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We aimed to develop risk tools for dementia, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and diabetes, for adults aged ≥ 65 years using shared risk factors. ⋯ The DemNCD is the first tool to predict both dementia and multiple cardio-metabolic diseases using comprehensive risk factors and provided similar predictive accuracy to existing risk tools. It has similar predictive accuracy as tools designed for single outcomes in this age-group. DemNCD has the potential to be used in community and clinical settings as it includes self-reported and routinely available clinical measures.
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Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 (TM9SF1) is involved in inflammation. Since both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are linked to immune cells regulation, this study investigated the association between TM9SF1 expression and autoimmune disease activity. As B cell differentiation and autoantibody production exacerbate autoimmune disease, the signaling pathways involved in these processes were explored. ⋯ The primary finding was the identification of the molecular mechanism underlying autophagy regulation in B cells, in which Tm9sf1 knockout was found to modulate mTOR-dependent autophagy to block B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. It was also found that TM9SF1 expression level in PBMCs was an accurate indicator of disease activity in patients with RA and SLE, suggesting its clinical potential for monitoring disease activity in these patients.
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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be considered for patients with ovarian cancer (OC) whose tumors are deemed unlikely to be completely cytoreduced to no gross residual disease (R0) or who are poor surgical candidates. This Ib/II study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus carboplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stages III-IV, unresectable OC. ⋯ The study demonstrated an encouraging efficacy and manageable safety profile of neoadjuvant chemotherapy nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin in stage III-IV, unresectable OC. In addition, AEs resulting in chemotherapy and surgery delays should be cautiously considered in this clinical setting.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Examining gender (socio-cultural) in addition to sex (biological) is required to untangle socio-cultural characteristics contributing to inequities within or between sexes. This study aimed to develop a gender measure including four gender dimensions and examine the association between this gender measure and CVD incidence, across sexes. ⋯ The findings suggested that males within the third tertile of the gender score were more likely to develop CVD, while females with those characteristics did not exhibit an increased risk. These findings underline the necessity for clinical and population health research to integrate both sex and gender measures, to further evaluate disparities in cardiovascular health and enhance the inclusivity of prevention strategies.
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The dietary glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) reflect carbohydrate quality and quantity, potentially impacting fertility through modulation of insulin sensitivity and generation of oxidative stress. While fertility is influenced by both women and men, reproductive research often emphasizes maternal factors. We first examined periconception dietary intake in both women and male partners, and subsequent associations of dietary GI and GL with fecundability and subfertility. ⋯ Suboptimal periconception carbohydrate intake may be negatively associated with male fertility, but not with fertility outcomes in women. Further studies are needed to assess whether a lower GI and GL diet is a feasible lifestyle intervention to improve couples fertility.