Bratisl Med J
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Acute respiratory failure in both pediatric and adult patient populations has been extensively studied with recent emphasis on ventilation strategies that can effect mortality outcome. This research in adults has focused on definitive trials of lung protective strategies that have been proposed following preliminary reports of their potential benefits. High frequency oscillatory ventilation has also been described as a lung protective strategy. For many institutions HFOV is today considered a routine therapy as a "rescue" method in acute pediatric respiratory failure. Because HFOV is considered to be a "rescue" therapy, intervention with HFOV is usually in the later stages of acute respiratory failure and consideration of the time to intervention has not been previously examined. ⋯ Early use of HFOV within the first 24 hours of acute hypoxic respiratory failure in pediatric patients is associated with better survival. Use of this therapy should be considered early in the course of treatment of any pediatric patient meeting this definition. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 28.)
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Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation is the major factor which limits the long term survival. It affects 35-68% of those patients who survive longer than 3 months. ⋯ The objective of this article is to give an overview of the current international knowledge in treatment strategies and analyse to international trends in the research of risk factors of the development of this complication together with available results. Special attention is given to donor and recipient risk factors. (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 32.)
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BACKGROUND OF PROBLEM: The recognition of the power of MRI and CT to show the involvement of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis, as well as in other neuropathological phenomena, stimulate considerably their use in the assessment of diagnosis. Much experience gained during the development and clinical application of imaging on the basis of magnetic resonance (MRI) justify the use of this method also in verification of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The development and clinical application of specific pulse sequences and unconventional techniques as e.g. "magnetisation transfer imaging", and other new methods with greater resolution are used in applied research. Routine clinical examinations of the brain and spinal cord are performed especially by use of "dual echo spin images". Flair sequences are not always more significantly sensitive, however, they can provide surprisingly remarkable facts. SUBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to support the firm or tentative clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. ⋯ Current techniques of CNS imaging, either by use of computerised tomography of MRI do not enable the assessment of the firm diagnosis of multiple sclerosis to full extent. MRI is capable only of supporting it. (Ref. 7.)
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The most common ruptures of all of the tendons of the hand are those of the extensor pollicis longus tendon (EPL). As to its etiology, the rupture of EPL can spontaneously occur tendosynovitis in rheumatic patients or rarely in result of conservative treatment of distal forearm fractures. ⋯ All patients underwent the transfer of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) tendon due to. We present our indications of the technique, and the clinical results. (Fig. 3, Ref. 8.)
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Comparative Study
[Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in childhood: comparison of ultrasonographic examination and renal scintigraphy using 99mTc DMSA].
THE CURRENT STATE: Infections of the urinary tract are a frequent paediatric problem. Their treatment requires to assess the localisation of infection within the uropoetic tract. Especially the acute pyelonephritis (AP) can lead to irreversible changes within the renal parenchyma and alteration of renal functions. Some imaging examinations can help in the assessment of the diagnosis of AP and contribute to appropriate therapy.