Bratisl Med J
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Recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in human communities as the first major zoonotic pandemics of the new millennium following the emergence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has increased our awareness about the future threat of viral zoonosis. Although, several studies have been conducted for better understanding of these viruses` evolution, and designing the effective anti-viral drugs and vaccines, the impact of human beings on occurrence of zoonotic diseases has been less considered and discussed. Improvement in global health resulted in human population growth, increasing demand for animal proteins, more exposures to wildlife, zoonotic and degradation of environment, which have facilitated interspecies transmissions. ⋯ It seems that intensified revision of human lifestyle is the best strategy to prevent the potential devastating future zoonotic pandemics. Herein, the characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, their transmission routs, their pathogenicity, the therapeutic and prevention approaches including of attempts for designing of effective prophylactic vaccines, anti-viral drugs, and the animal models that have been used for these studies have been reviewed (Ref. 134). Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pandemic, zoonosis, SARS, MERS.
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To investigate the changes of water content in brain tissue, the expression of AQP4mRNA after cerebral hemorrhage in rats, and the intervention effect of Protease activated receptor 1 inhibitor (PAR1 inhibitor) on both. ⋯ Appropriate inhibition of PAR1 can alleviate cerebral edema around the hematoma and play a role in improving the function of nerve defects. The mechanism may be realized by down-regulating the expression of AQP4mRNA in brain tissue (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 25).
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is one of the main causes of neonatal deaths. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, as well as its effect on neuronal apoptosis through histopathological and biochemical tests. ⋯ NaHS given to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model significantly decreased apoptosis in neurons and had a neuroprotective efficacy with an increase in NGF levels (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 25).
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Betanin and copper sulphate have been previously indicated as beneficial agents for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as antioxidant compounds in various models. We investigated whether betanin and copper have any protective effects on the heart and lung against I/R injury in rats. ⋯ Betanin and copper may have protective effects on I/R injury in the heart and lung in rats (Fig. 6, Ref. 39).